One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Food Assistance Adjustments: The bill re-evaluates the Thrifty Food Plan to establish uniform allotments for households of various sizes (Sec. 10101).

SNAP Work Requirement Exceptions: It expands exceptions to work requirements to include individuals under 18, over 65, pregnant women, and those with certain Indian heritage (Sec. 10102).

Tax Relief for Families: The bill includes extensions and enhancements for the increased standard deduction and the increased child tax credit (Sec. 70102, Sec. 70104).

New Tax Relief Categories: It introduces new tax exclusions such as "no tax on tips," "no tax on overtime," and "no tax on car loan interest" (Sec. 70201, Sec. 70202, Sec. 70203).

Support for Beginning Farmers: It provides additional premium assistance for beginning farmers and ranchers participating in crop insurance (Sec. 10501).

Disaster Assistance: The bill increases livestock indemnity payments for losses due to predation to 100 percent of market value (Sec. 10401).

Small Business and Rural Support: Provisions include the permanent renewal and enhancement of opportunity zones and the low-income housing tax credit (Sec. s70421, Sec. 70422).

Military Personnel Quality of Life: The bill provides $2.9 billion to supplement basic housing allowances and $100 million for childcare fee assistance for members of the military and their families (SEC. 20001(a)(5), (a)(9)).

Job Training and Education: Funding is allocated for tuition assistance ($100 million) and a specialized Online Academic Skills Course program ($10 million) for military members (SEC. 20001(a)(7), (a)(8)).

Maritime Safety and Economic Presence: The Coast Guard receives over $24 billion to acquire new operational assets, including cutters and aircraft, to enhance search and rescue and maritime border security (SEC. 40001(a)).

National Security Infrastructure: Massive investments are directed toward missile defense technologies, shipbuilding, and the modernization of nuclear forces to ensure national safety (SEC. 20003, 20008).

Space Exploration Advancement: NASA receives nearly $10 billion to support Mars telecommunications, the Artemis program, and the operation of the International Space Station (SEC. 40005(a)).

Energy Production and Economic Activity: The bill mandates increased onshore and offshore oil and gas lease sales, which may support energy production and economic development in specific states like Wyoming, New Mexico, and Alaska (SEC. 50101, 50102).

Tax Relief for Middle-Class Families: The bill extends and enhances several tax benefits, such as increasing the standard deduction amounts and the child tax credit (Sections 70102, 70104).

Financial Support for Seniors: A new deduction is established for qualified individuals who have attained age 65 (Section 70103).

Tax Advantages for Workers: Workers can benefit from deductions on qualified tips and qualified overtime compensation (Sections 70201, 70202).

Support for Homeowners and Drivers: The bill modifies deductions for qualified residence interest and provides a new deduction for qualified passenger vehicle loan interest (Sections 70108, 70203).

Educational and Savings Benefits: It extends and enhances deductions for educator expenses and limits on contributions to ABLE accounts (Sections 70110, 70115).

Investment Opportunities for Youth: The creation of "Trump accounts" allows for specific investment opportunities for individuals until they reach age 18 (Section 530A).

Infrastructure and Energy Security: Funding is provided for the maintenance and acquisition of petroleum products for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, as well as for water conveyance and storage (Sections 50401, 50501).

Research and Development Support: Taxpayers can deduct domestic research or experimental expenditures, which includes software development, providing a benefit to businesses engaged in these activities (Section 70302(a) and (d)(3)).

Child Care Assistance: Employers can receive an enhanced credit for providing child care, with higher percentages and higher maximum amounts for small businesses (Section s 70401(a) and (b)).

Adoption Support: The adoption credit is improved by making a portion of it refundable and adjusting it for inflation (Section 70402(a) and (b)).

Education Opportunities: The bill expands the use of 529 accounts to cover various elementary and secondary school expenses, such as tutoring and curriculum materials (Section 70413(a)). It also creates a new tax credit for individuals contributing to scholarship granting organizations (Section s 70411(a)).

Student Debt Relief: Employer payments for student loans are treated as qualified higher education expenses (Section 70412(a)).

Community Investment: The bill provides for a permanent renewal and enhancement of Opportunity Zones, including specific benefits for rural areas (Section 70421).

Support for Small Businesses: The bill expands the exclusion for gain from qualified small business stock, allowing taxpayers to exclude a higher percentage of gain if they hold the stock for shorter periods (3 to 5 years) compared to previous requirements. (Section 70431)

Increased Charitable Giving Flexibility: The legislation increases the amount of the partial deduction for charitable contributions for individuals who do not itemize, raising the limit from $300 to $1,000. (Section 70424)

Benefits for Farmers: A new provision allows for the election to pay taxes on gains from the sale of qualified farmland property in four equal installments rather than a single lump sum. (Section 70437)

Support for Native Communities: The bill provides tax exemptions for nonprofit community development activities related to fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, benefiting entities operating in these areas. (Section 70428)

Economic Incentives for Rural Property: It creates a tax exclusion for interest received by qualified lenders on loans secured by rural or agricultural real estate. (Section 70435)

Increased Energy Investment Credits: The bill provides increased percentages for qualified investments in energy storage technology and qualified facilities, which could benefit those involved in the energy sector (Section 70514).

Expansion of Clean Fuel Production: The extension of the Clean Fuel Production Credit until December 31, 2029, provides continued support for fuel production (Section 70521).

Support for Small Agri-biodiesel Producers: The bill increases the credit for small agri-biodiesel producers from 10 cents to 20 cents, which may benefit these producers (Section 70521).

Improved Medicaid Enrollment Accuracy: By requiring states to use the Death Master File to verify if enrollees are deceased, the bill aims to ensure medical assistance is not paid for deceased individuals (Section 71104).

Flexibility in Long-Term Care Eligibility: States are given the option to apply higher home equity limits (up to $1,000,000) for individuals seeking long-term care services (Section 71108).

New Tax Filing Opportunities: The bill allocates funding for a report on enhancing public-private partnerships to provide free tax filing for a significant portion of taxpayers (Section 70607).

Expanded Home Care Access: The bill allows for expanded coverage of home or community-based services through Medicaid waivers, which can help individuals receive care in their own homes rather than in institutions (SEC. 71121(a)(1)(A)).

Support for Rural Healthcare: A new Rural Health Transformation Program provides significant funding to States to improve access to hospitals and healthcare providers in rural areas (SEC. s 71401(a)(1)(A)).

Protections for Medical Students: The bill establishes a "Repayment Assistance Plan" for certain student loan borrowers, which includes interest subsidies and the possibility of loan cancellation after 360 qualifying monthly payments (SEC. 82001(a)(2)(A)).

New Educational Opportunities: The "Workforce Pell Grant" program is created to provide financial aid for eligible students enrolled in high-skill or in-demand workforce programs (SEC. 83002(a)(2)).

Financial Assistance for Small Businesses and Farms: Under the Higher Education Act, certain assets like family farms or small businesses with fewer than 100 employees are exempted from asset calculations for specific purposes (SEC. 80001(a)(B)).

Lowering Costs for Specific Medical Services: For certain individuals, the bill prohibits cost-sharing or deductions for primary care, mental health, and substance use disorder services (SEC. s 71120(a)(2)(B)(i)).

Higher Education Accountability: Educational programs that fail to meet specific median earnings thresholds for graduates must notify students they are at risk of losing eligibility, providing transparency for students (Section (c)(6)).

Improved Unaccompanied Child Safety: The Office of Refugee Resettlement receives funding to perform background checks and suitability studies on potential sponsors to ensure the safety of unaccompanied alien children (Section 87001(b)(1)).

Enhanced Border Infrastructure and Technology: Significant funding is directed toward constructing barriers, access roads, and implementing advanced detection technology to secure the border (Section 90001).

Increased Border Personnel and Resources: Funding is provided for hiring and training more agents, as well as providing recruitment and retention bonuses to bolster the workforce (Section 90002).

Enhanced Security for Major Events: Funds are allocated to help State and local authorities manage security and planning for the 2026 FIFA World Cup and the 2028 Olympics (Section 90005(a)(1)).

Radiation Exposure Compensation: The fund for radiation exposure compensation is extended, and specific eligibility and amount requirements are updated for leukemia claims related to historical testing (Section 100201 and 100202).

Increased Compensation Amounts: The amendment increases the payment amount for certain individuals from $50,000 or $75,000 to $100,000 (Section 4(a)(2)).

Expanded Disease Coverage for Miners: The bill adds coverage for renal cancer and other chronic renal diseases, including nephritis and kidney tubal tissue injury, for those working in uranium mines or mills (Section 5(a)(1)(A)(ii)(I) and (ii)(II)).

Expanded Coverage for Job Roles: The bill expands the definition of eligible workers to include "core drillers" and those involved in "remediation efforts" at uranium mines or mills (Section 5(a)(1)(A)(ii)(II)).

New Compensation for Manhattan Project Waste Claims: A new section establishes compensation for individuals who were physically present in certain affected areas and contracted specified diseases (Section 5A(a)).

Medical Expense Reimbursement: Living claimants eligible under the Manhattan Project waste provisions can receive additional compensation for documented out-of-pocket medical expenses not covered by insurance (Section 5A(b)(2)).

Benefits for Survivors: For those deceased at the time of a Manhattan Project waste claim, the bill allows for compensation payments to surviving spouses or children (Section 5A(c)).

SNAP Expense Restrictions: Service fees associated with internet connections may no longer be used in computing the excess shelter expense deduction (Sec. 10104).

Forestry Funding Reductions: The bill rescinds certain amounts previously appropriated for forestry (Sec. 10201).

Environmental and Climate Funding Reductions: There are numerous rescissions of funding for various environmental initiatives, including clean heavy-duty vehicles, greenhouse gas reduction, and air pollution prevention (Sec. 60001-60024).

Healthcare Funding Changes: The bill includes a moratorium on certain implementation rules relating to Medicaid and Medicare enrollment (Sec. 71101, Sec. 71102).

Higher Education Costs: It establishes new loan limits for graduate and professional students (Sec. 81001).

Economic Burden of High Spending: The bill authorizes trillions of dollars in various appropriations for defense, shipbuilding, and space programs, which represents a massive use of Treasury funds (SEC. 20001-20009, 40005).

Potential Environmental Impact: The mandate for increased oil and gas leasing and expanded coal mining activities could lead to environmental changes or concerns in the affected regions (SEC. 50101, 50102, 50203).

Federal Land Use Changes: Increased timber sales on National Forest System and public lands could affect those who utilize these lands for non-commercial purposes (SEC. 50301).

Industry Fees: A new user fee will be imposed on space launch and reentry activities, which could increase costs for commercial space entities (SEC. 40004(a)).

Financial Penalties for Late Payments: Holders of rights-of-way for renewable energy projects may be charged late payment fees if payments are not received within 15 days of the due date (Section (d)(1)).

Risk of Losing Land Rights: A right-of-way for a renewable energy project may be terminated if payment is not received within 90 days of the due date (Section (d)(2)).

Loss of Previous Funding: The bill rescinds various unobligated balances from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 across multiple sectors, including environmental and energy programs (Sections 50304, 50402, 60001-60024).

Deduction Reductions: The deduction for qualified tips and qualified overtime compensation is subject to reductions based on modified adjusted gross income (Sections 70201, 70202).

Penalties for Incorrect Tax Filings: Taxpayers may face penalties of $500 or $1,000 for negligent or fraudulent claims regarding the Trump account contribution pilot program (Section 6659).

Restrictions on Research Deductions: The new full expensing for domestic research does not apply to expenditures for the acquisition or improvement of land or certain property subject to depreciation or depletion (Section 70302(d)(1)).

Exclusions for Exploration: Expenditures for ascertaining the existence or quality of mineral deposits, such as oil and gas, are excluded from the new research expenditure deductions (Section 0302(d)(2)).

Educational Institution Tax Burden: Private colleges and universities with large endowments will face a new excise tax on their net investment income (Section 70415(a)).

Limits on Scholarship Contributions: The tax credit for contributions to scholarship granting organizations is capped at $1,700 and is reduced by any similar state tax credits (Section 70411(b) and (c)).

Termination of Green Energy Subsidies: Many existing tax credits are being significantly shortened or terminated, such as the clean vehicle credit, energy efficient home improvement credit, and residential clean energy credit. (Sections 70501, 70502, 70505, 70506)

Restrictions on Energy Credits: Taxpayers may lose eligibility for energy credits if they receive material assistance from prohibited foreign entities. (Section 70510, 70512)

Increased Burdens for Taxpayers: The bill introduces a new 0.5 percent floor on the deduction of charitable contributions, meaning some contributions may no longer be deductible. (Section 70425)

Higher Costs for Energy Production: There are new penalties and accuracy-related requirements for taxpayers regarding energy credits, which could lead to unexpected tax liabilities or penalties. (Section 70510)

Tax on Remittance Transfers: A new 1-percent tax is imposed on remittance transfers involving cash or similar physical instruments, which will be collected from the sender (Section 70604).

New Medicaid Community Engagement Requirements: Individuals eligible for Medicaid may be required to demonstrate community engagement (such as working or volunteering 80 hours a month) to maintain eligibility, which could burden those unable to meet these requirements (Section 71119).

Increased Penalties for Commercial Shipments: A new civil penalty of up to $5,000 for the first violation and $10,000 for subsequent violations is established for those attempting to use de minimis entry privileges in violation of customs law (Section 70531).

Medicaid Eligibility Restrictions for Aliens: The bill limits Medicaid payments for certain aliens, which could impact those who are not citizens, nationals, or permanent residents (Section 71109).

Phase-out of Manufacturing Credits: The phase-out and termination of various production credits, including those for critical minerals and wind energy components, could impact manufacturers in those industries (Section 70514).

Increased Healthcare Costs for Some: The bill requires certain "expansion individuals" under Medicaid to pay deductions or cost-sharing for specific care, items, or services (SEC. s 71120(a)(2)(A)).

Medicare Coverage Restrictions: Medicare coverage will be limited to citizens, certain legal residents, and specific groups, which could impact the eligibility of others (SEC. 71201(a)(1)).

New Student Loan Limitations: The bill imposes specific annual and aggregate limits on how much graduate, professional, and parent borrowers can take out in loans (SEC. 81001(a)(4)).

Reduced Deferment Options: There are sunsets on certain economic hardship and unemployment deferments for student loan borrowers, meaning they may no longer be eligible for these protections after July 1, 2027 (SEC. 82001(a)(2)).

Loss of Unemployment Benefits for High Earners: Federal funds can no longer be used to pay unemployment compensation to individuals whose wages during their base period were $1,000,000 or more (SEC. 73001(a)(1)(A)).

Pell Grant Ineligibility: Students with a high student aid index (at least twice the maximum Pell Grant amount) will become ineligible for Federal Pell Grants (SEC. 83001(b)(1)).

Loss of Educational Funding: Institutions with "low-earning outcome programs" may lose eligibility for federal funds if their graduates' median earnings fall below certain benchmarks (Section (c)(2)).

Increased Costs for Immigration Processes: The bill establishes several new, non-waivable fees for various immigration stages, including asylum applications, employment authorization, and parole (Sections 100002, 100003, and 100004).

Increased Costs for Visa and Status Applications: New fees are required for those applying for adjustment of status, visa integrity, and other immigration-related legal processes (Sections 100007, 100013, and 100015).

Health Benefit Verification Burdens: The implementation of new verification processes for adding family members to health benefits may lead to increased oversight and audits of federal employee health plans (Section 90101).

Strict Documentation Requirements: To receive compensation for Manhattan Project waste claims, individuals must submit contemporaneous written residential documentation or other specific records to prove physical presence (Section 5A(f)(1)).

Specific Deadlines for Medical Claims: Claimants seeking compensation for medical expenses related to Manhattan Project waste must submit their documentation on or before December 31, 2028 (Section 5A(b)(3)).

Time-Bound Claim Window: The deadline for submitting claims under the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act is set to December 31, 2027 (Section 8(a)).