Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 2025

Increased Medical Residency Positions: The bill allows for the distribution of 2,000 additional residency positions per fiscal year from 2027 through 2033, which could help address physician shortages (Section 2(a)(1)(i)).

Support for Rural and Underserved Areas: The Secretary is required to distribute at least 10 percent of the aggregate number of positions to specific categories, including hospitals in rural areas, sole community hospitals, and hospitals serving health professional shortage areas (Section 2(a)(1)(ii)(B)(ii)).

Prioritization of Diverse Medical Education: Priority is given to hospitals affiliated with historically Black medical schools or other schools listed in the Higher Education Act of 1965 that establish a medical college when distributing positions to hospitals in health professional shortage areas (Section 2(a)(1)(ii)(B)(iii)).

Workforce Diversity Analysis: The Comptroller General will conduct a study to analyze effective strategies for increasing the number of health professionals from rural, lower income, and underrepresented minority communities (Section 3(a)).

Restrictions on Position Distribution: A hospital is prohibited from receiving more than 75 full-time equivalent additional residency positions in the aggregate over the period of fiscal years 2027 through 2033, unless the Secretary estimates that the number of available positions exceeds the number of applications approved (Section 2(a)(1)(D)).

Requirement for Hospital Agreement: A hospital cannot receive an increase in its resident limit unless it agrees to increase the total number of full-time equivalent residency positions under its approved medical residency training program (Section 2(a)(1)(C)).