Right to Vote Act

Establishment of Fundamental Rights: Section 2(a) declares that every citizen of legal voting age has a fundamental right to vote in elections for Federal office.

Protection Against Diminished Voting Ability: Section 2(b) prevents governments from diminishing the ability to vote unless the action is the least restrictive means to further an important, particularized government interest.

Protection Against Substantial Impairment: Section 2(c) prohibits governments from substantially impairing the ability to vote unless the action significantly furthers an important, particularized governmental interest.

Expanded Definition of Voting: Section 4(4) defines "vote" to include all necessary actions like registration, casting a ballot, and ensuring the ballot is counted.

Legal Recourse and Expedited Review: Section 3(a) and 3(c) allow citizens to bring civil actions in specific district courts to seek relief, while requiring courts to expedite the disposition of these actions and appeals.

Increased Burden on Government Interest: Under Section 2(b) and 2(c), the government is restricted from implementing laws or practices that diminish or impair voting unless they meet very specific and strict standards.

Shifting Burden of Proof: According to Section 3(b), once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case by a preponderance of the evidence, the government must then demonstrate its justification by clear and convincing evidence.