Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025

Increased Transparency: Parties in a civil action must disclose the name, address, and citizenship or country of registration of foreign persons, states, or sovereign wealth funds that have a right to receive payments contingent on the outcome of the case (Section 2(b)(1)(A)(i)). This provides more visibility into who is funding litigation.

Source Verification: The bill requires a certification regarding whether the money used to satisfy a funding agreement has been sourced from a foreign person, state, or sovereign wealth fund (Section 2(b)(1)(C)(i)).

Prevention of Foreign State Influence: The Act makes it unlawful to enter into litigation funding agreements where the money is sourced, in whole or in part, from a foreign state or a sovereign wealth fund (Section 2(c)(1)).

Accountability through Reporting: The Attorney General is required to submit annual reports to Congress detailing the identities of funders, the judicial districts involved, and estimates of the total money used for third-party litigation funding (Section 3).

Administrative Burdens for Litigants: Parties or counsel must provide written disclosures and produce copies of agreements to the court, other named parties, and the Attorney General (Section 2(b)(1)(A) and (B)).

Strict Compliance Requirements: Disclosures must be made as a declaration under penalty of perjury and must be supplemented or corrected within 30 days if the party realizes the information is inaccurate or incomplete (Section 2(b)(3)(A) and (B)).

Risk of Legal Sanctions: Failure to comply with disclosure or certification requirements makes the information subject to the sanctions provisions of rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Section 2(d)).

Invalidation of Agreements: Any litigation funding agreement entered into using money from a foreign state or sovereign wealth fund will be deemed null and void (Section 2(c)(2)).