Foreign Adversary Federal Offense Act of 2025

Increased penalties for economic espionage involving covered nations: Under Section 2, individuals committing economic espionage to advance the interests of a covered nation face fines up to $5,000,000 and prison terms of 10 to 15 years, which may increase to 20 years if severe harm to economic or national security is involved (Section 2, subsection (c)(1)).

Stricter consequences for organizations: Section 2, subsection (c)(2) establishes that organizations committing these offenses can be fined up to $20,000,000 or five times the value of the stolen trade secret, including avoided research and design costs.

Enhanced penalties for defense information violations: Section 3 increases penalties for those who violate provisions regarding gathering, transmitting, or losing defense information if the violation was committed to advance the interests of a covered nation, mandating a prison term of at least 15 years up to life (Section 3).

Ineligibility for supervised release: For those convicted of economic espionage to advance the interests of a covered nation, the bill mandates that the offender shall be ineligible for supervised release (Section 2, subsection (c)(1)).

Severe penalties for infrastructure-related information: Under Section 2, subsection (d), offenses involving nonpublic information regarding the security, design, operation, or vulnerability of critical infrastructure that poses a significant threat can result in increased prison terms of up to 20 years (Section 2, subsection (c)(1)(B)).