Special Relationship Military Improvement Act of 2025

Exemption for the United Kingdom: By amending Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act, the bill provides an exemption for the United Kingdom from licensing requirements for the export of defense items without needing a bilateral agreement (Section 2).

Exception for Defense Cooperation Treaties: The bill provides an exception to the requirement of concluding a bilateral agreement for the purpose of giving effect to the Treaty Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia Concerning Defense Trade Cooperation (Section 2, subparagraph (D)).

• Rocket and UAV Systems: Complete rocket systems, such as ballistic missile systems or space launch vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of delivering specific payloads and ranges (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(i)).
• Rocket Components: Individual rocket stages, re-entry vehicles, and various engines or guidance sets (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(ii)).
• Missile Technology Items: Defense articles and services listed in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex Category II used in rocket systems (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(iii)).
• Biological and Toxicological Agents: Specific agents and equipment listed in the United States Munitions List (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(iv)).
• Nuclear Weapon Technology: Defense articles and services specific to the design and testing of nuclear weapons (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(v)).
• Regulatory Restrictions: Defense articles that Australian laws or commitments would prevent Australia from enforcing under the treaty (Section 2, subparagraph (D)(vi)).